The NPC has nine Special Committees. They are the Ethnic Affairs Committee, the Law Committee, the Internal and Judicial Affairs Committee, the Financial and Economic Affairs Committee, the Education, Science, Culture and Public Health Committee, the Foreign Affairs Committee, the Overseas Chinese Affairs Committee, the Environmental Protection and Resources Conservation Committee, and the Agriculture and Rural Affairs Committee. The NPC directs the work of each of all these Special Committees. When the NPC is not in session, the Special Committees are subjected to the leadership of the NPC Standing Committee.

Each special committee is composed of a Chairman, Vice-Chairmen and other members. They are nominated by the Presidium of the NPC session from among NPC deputies and are approved by the NPC. When the NPC is not in session, its Standing Committee may additionally appoint a few Vice-Chairmen and other members of special committees upon nominations by the Chairmen's Council.

The tasks of the special committees: Under the leadership of the NPC and its Standing Committee, each of the Special Committees holds responsibilities to study, examine and draw up bills related to their fields and to assist the NPC and its Standing Committee in their work of legislation, supervision and others.